Who made the rule
The Seimas, Lithuania’s parliament, approved the change.
What changed
A new law allows authorities to cancel or refuse renewals of certain temporary residence permits for Russian nationals who make frequent trips to Russia or Belarus.
When it took effect
After debates in 2026, the law came into force on May 3, 2026.
Why lawmakers moved
Officials framed the measure as a tool to curb ongoing ties with countries the government views as security threats.
How the rule works — the essentials
– The rule targets temporary residence permits only; citizens and permanent residents are unaffected. – Migration authorities may revoke or deny renewal if a permit holder travels to their country of origin more than once every three months, unless an exception applies. – The law hands the executive branch authority to flesh out the details and procedural safeguards through secondary regulations.
What counts as an exception
The statute promises exemptions but leaves the specifics to implementing rules. So far, authorities say “objective reasons” — for example, a sudden death in the immediate family — can qualify. Planned caregiving or routine medical appointments have proved less persuasive unless backed by clear, official documentation.
How decisions are being made in practice
– No single checklist exists; migration officers evaluate cases on an individual basis and may request documents or interviews. – Evidence standards are inconsistent: some decisions accept sworn statements plus some supporting proof, while others demand formal paperwork that can be hard to obtain from countries Lithuania considers hostile. – Monitoring relies on border and travel data, so authorities can track trip frequency with relative ease.
Numbers and social impact so far
– By January 2026, the Migration Department reported at least 149 Russian citizens had lost permits under the frequent‑travel rule. – In the same reporting period, broader revocations on national‑security, public‑order, or public‑health grounds affected about 900 Belarusians and 254 Russians (figures were later updated). – As of December 1, 2026, Lithuania recorded 46,538 Belarusians and 5,159 Russians holding valid residence permits. Critics say the policy has divided families and increased insecurity among long‑term residents.
Court battles: mixed results
Judges have not settled on a single approach. Some courts reinstated permits when applicants demonstrated deep roots in Lithuania and urgent reasons for travel. For example, a woman who had lived in Lithuania for 12 years had her permit restored after proving a severe family illness and strong local integration. Other rulings upheld revocations, classifying caregiving or recurring obligations as “permanent responsibilities” rather than emergencies. A recurring point of contention is the burden of proof: authorities expect applicants to produce supporting evidence, while advocates say that standard unfairly penalizes people whose family ties rely on informal networks.
Human consequences
People are making painful choices: remain in Lithuania and lose touch with elderly relatives, or travel and risk their legal status. Several individuals gave up appeals, convinced that higher courts are unlikely to reverse a tightening trend. The rule has already reshaped how some households plan care, travel, and legal strategy.
What to watch next
The implementing regulations will determine daily enforcement: how “frequent” travel is measured, which documents count, and how appeals are processed. Early administrative practice and court decisions will create precedents that could influence Lithuania and other EU states tracking security‑motivated migration measures.
When it took effect
After debates in 2026, the law came into force on May 3, 2026.0