In a bold move to reshape Hungary’s political landscape, Prime Minister Peter Magyar has initiated a comprehensive reform package. This sweeping agenda, named Operation Cleansing Fire aims to dismantle the structures erected during the 16-year rule of former Prime Minister Viktor Orban.
The reform drive, announced in a fiery speech to the Hungarian Parliament on Monday includes a new constitution, the establishment of an anti-corruption office, and the removal of key figures appointed by Orban. Magyar’s Tisza Party which secured a two-thirds majority in the April 12 elections, is leveraging its parliamentary power to implement these changes.
Targeting Orban’s Legacy
Magyar’s reforms are designed to address what he describes as the political and economic mafia that dominated Hungary for the past 16 years. The proposed changes include the removal of President Tamas Sulyok who was appointed by Orban, and the establishment of an age limit of 70 for judges at the Constitutional Court which would force the retirement of Orban ally Peter Polt as head judge.
The reforms also aim to limit lawmakers’ terms to 12 years and set an eight-year limit for the prime minister’s term, effectively preventing Orban from returning to power. Additionally, the Sovereignty Protection Office created in 2026 to investigate critics of Orban, will be scrapped. This move aligns with recommendations from Human Rights Watch which urged Hungary to meet rule of law milestones to unlock frozen European Union funds.
Constitutional Reforms and Public Consultation
A constitutional review process, including public discussions, is set to begin in September with a referendum to follow. Magyar has emphasized the importance of involving the public in shaping Hungary’s future. The proposed constitutional amendments would allow the Tisza Party to remove Orban-appointed officials and appoint successors.
The reforms also include the creation of a National Asset Protection and Recovery Office to combat corruption, which Magyar claims has cost Hungarians 8 to 10 percent of the gross domestic product in recent years. This office will be staffed with the country’s top talent in law enforcement and investigation.
The Political Fallout
Magyar’s speech has sparked controversy, with Fidesz lawmaker Gergely Gulyas calling it slanderous and appalling. Sulyok has maintained that he has no political agenda and merely provides necessary checks and balances. Despite the backlash, Magyar remains committed to his reform agenda, which he sees as essential for Hungary’s future.
The reforms are part of a broader effort to fulfill a deal with the EU to implement changes that would unlock 16.4 billion euros ($19bn) in funds frozen due to rule of law concerns during Orban’s reign. Magyar’s government is racing to meet the end of August deadline to secure these funds.
